Annotated Bibliography: 1. Tiplady, Catherine, Deborah-Anne Walsh, and Clive Phillips. "Public Response To Media Coverage Of Animal Cruelty." Journal Of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics 26.4 (2013): 869-885. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 Nov. 2016. 2. In 2012, ABC television in Australia broadcasted a “Four Corners” episode called “A Bloody Business” about slaughterhouses in Indonesia, where many cows are sourced from Australian farms. The footage showed animals being treated cruelly, including “cattle being repeatedly kicked and beaten” and workers “gouging fingers into the animals’ eyes and nostrils” among others (Tiplady, Walsh, and Phillips 871). The footage then circulated around “commercial Australian television channels, on radio, in newspapers, via the internet, etc.” (Tiplady, Walsh, and Phillips 871). Intense media coverage only last for about a week. A survey was taken to determine the affect the footage had on the opinions and actions of viewers. The survey concluded that “respondents were sensitive to the animal cruelty” and “the subsequent emotional distress of the public can be considerable.” (Tiplady, Walsh, and Phillips 884). 3.
Of the 89% of people that saw the footage, 67% of people saw it on television news, 22.3% in newspapers, 19.1% on the “Four Corners” program, 17.8% on the radio, and 14.6% on the internet.
The most common reactions to seeing the acts of animal cruelty were feeling pity (85%), sadness (72%), anger (68%), and admiration for the investigators (66%).
“Most people (75%) were pleased that the footage had been broadcasted.”
“Women were more likely than men to feel sad and angry...”
“Women were more likely than men to perform any action and to discuss the media coverage with others.”
18-29 year-olds were more likely to discuss the cruelty online, stop eating meat, or give a donation to an animal rights group.
“The most common immediate reaction was pity for the cattle, indicating that compassion and concern for animal suffering was important among the sample surveyed.”
“Investigations and media exposure of animal cruelty are a powerful but contentious method of educating the public and soliciting changes to animal welfare.”
4. The source is valid: it was found on Galileo and boasts 36 sources. It is also associated with a prestigious program, the University of Queensland. The survey that was used as primary source of conclusion was also well designed and conducted. 5. This sources is important to me in two ways. First, animal welfare is very important to me personally, especially the hidden animal cruelty involved with the agriculture industry. Second, it can fit into my research project because it makes many different points that can be applied to the awareness of euthanizations in animal shelters and the need to adoptions and cruelty prevention.
Annotated Bibliography 2: 1. American Dietetic Association.; Dietitians of Canada.. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: vegetarian diets. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2003 Summer;64(2):62-81. PubMed PMID: 12826028. 2. According to the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada, a vegetarian diet is increasing in popularity and can meet recommendations for required nutrients. A vegan diet can be appropriate for pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Vegetarian diets have nutritional benefits, and vegetarians have lower risks for different diseases. 3. - “A vegetarian, including vegan, diet can meet current recommendations for all of these nutrients (protein, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, vitamin A, n-3 fatty acids, and iodine.)” - “Well-planned vegan and other types of vegetarian diets are appropriate for all stages of the life-cycle including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.” - “Vegetarian diets offer a number of nutritional benefits including lower levels of saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein…” -”Vegetarian diets offer a number of nutritional benefits including… higher levels of carbohydrates, fibre, magnesium, potassium, folate, antioxidants such as vitamin C and E, and phytochemicals.” - “Vegetarians have been reported to have lower body mass indices than non-vegetarians, as well as lower rates of death from ischemic heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, and lower rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and prostate and colon cancer.” 4. The source is credible because the American Dietetic Association and Dieticians of Canada are reliable sources. The sources is also credible because the url ends in “.gov”. While the document is out-of-date when it comes to the percentage of people who are currently vegetarian/vegan, the nutritional and health facts are not out-of-date. 5. This information fits into my research because it shows some of the health benefits of a vegan/vegetarian diet. It also specifically lists some of these benefits. Since this article shows these health benefits, that's the section of my project it will help answer.
Annotated Bibliography 3: 1. Valentine, Jennifer. "Infographic: Veganism and The Environment." One Green Planet. N.p., 12 July 2012. Web. 09 Apr. 2017. 2. This article presents information in the form of infographics. It covers topics involving the environmental benefits of a vegan lifestyle, including global warming, water use, land use, and food inefficiency. The article provides statistics to back up the fact that meat production is wasteful. 3. Global Warming: - “If one person exchanges eating meat for a vegan diet, they’ll reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5 tons per year.” - “If every American dropped one serving of chicken per week from their diet, it would saves the same amount of CO2 emissions as taking 500,000 cars off the road.” - “Chickens, turkeys, pigs, and cows are collectively the largest producer of methane in the U.S. Methane is 20x more powerful at trapping heat in the earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide.” - “The meat, egg, and dairy industries produce 65% of worldwide nitrous oxide emissions. Nitrous oxide is 300x more powerful at trapping heat in the earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide.” - “1 calorie of animal protein requires 11 times as much fossil fuel as one calorie of plant protein.” - “The diets of meat eaters create 7x the greenhouse emissions as the diets of vegans.” Water Use: - “Nearly half of all water used in the United States goes to raising animals for food.” - “It takes more than 2,400 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of meat. It takes 25 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of wheat.” - “You’d save more water by not eating one pound of meat than you would by not taking a shower for 6 months.” - “A vegan diet requires 300 gallons of water per day vs. meating-eating diet which requires 4,000 gallons per day.” - “Animals raised for food create 89,000 pounds of excrement per second… This creates massive amounts of groundwater pollution. Chicken, hog, and cattle excrement has polluted 35,000 miles of rivers in 22 states.” Land Use: - “Raising animals for food uses 30% of the earth’s land mass. That’s about the same size as Asia.” - “The equivalent of 7 football fields of land are bulldozed every minute to create more room for farmed animals.” Food Inefficiency: - “70% of grain and cereals grown in the U.S. are fed to farmed animals.” - “It requires 16 pounds of grain to produce 1 pound of meat.” 4. The infographics are sourced from culinaryschools.org, which has a reliable “.org” ending on it. The article also has seven sources. 5. This article and it’s infographics provide a lot of helpful statistics and facts that can back the side of the argument that a vegan lifestyle has environmental benefits.